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标题: 布兰特福德（Brantford）- 城市介绍及相关信息- 维基百科 [打印本页]
作者: admin    时间: 2014-10-9 22:30
标题: 布兰特福德（Brantford）- 城市介绍及相关信息- 维基百科
布兰特福德（Brantford），加拿大安大略省南部城市。布兰特县的首府位于该市，但在行政上，布兰特福德独立于布兰特县。总人口93,650（2011年）。

维基百科：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brantford

Nickname(s): The Telephone City

Country
 Canada
Province
 Ontario
County
Brant (independent)
EstablishedMay 31, 1877

Area[1][1] [2][2]
• Land
72.47 km2 (27.98 sq mi)
• Metro
1,073.11 km2 (414.33 sq mi)
Elevation
248 m (814 ft)
Population (2011)[1][2]
• Single-tier municipality (city)
93,650 (54th)
• Density
1,292.3/km2 (3,347/sq mi)
• Metro
135,501 (30th)
• Metro density
126.3/km2 (327/sq mi)
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC−5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC−4)
Postal code span
N3P, N3R, N3S, N3T, N3V
Area code(s)
519/226
Websitewww.brantford.ca

Brantford is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is connected to Woodstock in the west and Hamilton in the east by Highway 403 and to Cambridge to the north and Simcoe to the south by Highway 24. It is the seat of Brant County, but is politically separate from the county.
Brantford is sometimes known as the "Telephone City", as a former city resident, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone at his father's home, the Bell Homestead, and conducted the first long distance telephone call from Brantford to Paris, Ontario in 1876.
Brantford is also the birthplace of hockey player Wayne Gretzky, comedian Phil Hartman, as well as Group of Seven member Lawren Harris. Brantford is named after Joseph Brant, a Mohawk leader. Many of his descendants live on the neighbouring reserve of Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation.




HistoryBrant County Courthouse in Brantford


The Attawandaron, or Neutral Nation, lived in the Grand River valley area before the 17th century; their main village and seat of the chief, Kandoucho, was identified by 19th-century historians as having been located on the Grand River where Brantford lies today. This town, like the rest of their settlements, was destroyed when the Iroquois declared war in 1650 and exterminated the Neutral nation.[3]
In 1784, Captain Joseph Brant and the Six Nations Indians left New York State for Canada. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a large land grant, referred to as the Haldimand Tract, on the Grand River. The original Mohawk settlement was on the south edge of the present-day city at a location favourable for landing canoes. Brant's crossing of the river gave the original name to the area: Brant's ford. By 1847, European settlers began to settle further up the river at a ford in the Grand River and named the village Brantford. The Mohawk Chapel, part of the original Mohawk settlement, is Ontario's oldest Protestant church. Brantford was incorporated as a city in 1877.
The history of the Brantford region from 1793 to 1920 is described at length in the book At The Forks of The Grand.
Numerous works address the stories of former residents of Native American boarding schools in Western New York and Canada, such as Thomas Indian School, Mohawk Institute Residential School (also known as Mohawk Manual Labour School and Mush Hole Indian Residential School) in Brantford, Southern Ontario, Haudenosaunee boarding school, and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania; the impact of those and similar schools on their communities; and community efforts to overcome those impacts. Examples include: the film Unseen Tears: A Documentary on Boarding School Survivors,[4] Ronald James Douglas' graduate thesis titled Documenting ethnic cleansing in North America: Creating Unseen Tears,[5] and the Legacy of Hope Foundation's online media collection: "Where are the Children? Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools".[6]
Historic sitesBrantford's history traces its roots to the 18th century with the arrival of the Six Nations tribes from New York State, and the later arrival of Colonialists and European immigrants. A number of historic monuments have been erected within the city marking those events and Brantford's contributions to the Commonwealth's defense of the realm.
Additionally, Alexander Graham Bell's family's first home in North America was a farmhouse on Tutela Heights (named after the First Nations tribe which settled the area,[7] and later absorbed into Brantford) where Bell invented the telephone in July, 1874—although he built his first working model in Boston—and then developed early improvements to it in 1876. As part of the invention and development of the telephone, along with Canada's first telephone factory, the city earned the style of "Brantford, The Telephone City". Associated with those events in the present day are the Bell family's museum home on Tutela Heights Road, Melville House, now called the Bell Homestead National Historic Site, and the Bell Telephone Memorial (below), dedicated by the Governor General of Canada in 1917 to mark the invention of the telephone in Brantford.
The Bell Telephone Memorial, commemorating the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. The monument, paid by public subscription and sculpted by W.S. Allward, was dedicated by the Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire with Dr. Bell in The Telephone City's Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in 1917. Included on the main tableau are figures representing "Man, the Inventor," "Inspiration whispering to Man, his power to transmit sound through space," as well as "Knowledge, Joy, Sorrow." Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory



Brantford generated controversy in 2010 when its city council took the controversial step of expropriating and demolishing 41 historic downtown buildings on the south side of its main street, Colborne Street. These buildings constituted one of the longest blocks of pre-Confederation architecture in Canada. Included in the list of demolitions were one of Ontario's first grocery stores and an early 1890s office of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada, now Bell Canada. This decision was highly controversial and was widely criticized by Ontario's heritage preservation community.[8][9]
EconomyBrantford's early history included the invention of the electric telephone which led to Canada's first telephone factory within the city in the 19th century. Brantford was also an important Canadian industrial centre for the first half of the 20th century, and was once the third busiest Canadian city in terms of cash-value of manufactured goods exported.
The city is at the deepest navigable point of the Grand River, and was once a railroad hub of Southern Ontario. The combination of water and rail helped Brantford develop from a farming community into a blue collar industrial city based on the agriculture implement industry centred around companies such as Massey-Harris, Verity Plow and the Cockshutt Plow Company. This industry, more than any other, provided the well-paying and steady employment that allowed Brantford to sustain economic growth through most of the 20th century.
By the 1980s and 1990s, the economy of Brantford was in steady decline as a result of the bankruptcies of White Farm Equipment, Massey-Ferguson (and its successor, Massey Combines Corporation), Koering-Waterous, Harding Carpets, and other manufacturers. The bankruptcies and closures of the businesses left thousands of people unemployed and created one of the most economically depressed areas in the country. With a recent influx of new companies moving to the area, the unemployment rate of 7.4% stands below the national rate.[10]
The completion of the Brantford to Ancaster section of Highway 403 in 1997, was intended to provide an increased incentive for business to locate in Brantford because of easy access to Hamilton and Toronto, as well as being along the quickest route through southern Ontario between Detroit and Buffalo. In 2004 Procter & Gamble and Ferrero SpA chose to locate in the city. Though Wescast Industries, Inc. recently closed their local foundry, their corporate headquarters will remain in Brantford. SC Johnson Canada has their headquarters and a manufacturing plant in Brantford, connected to the Canadian National network. On February 16, 2005, Brant, including Brantford, was added to the Greater Golden Horseshoe along with Haldimand and Northumberland counties.
Climate
[show]Climate data for Brantford (1981−2010)
DemographicsBrantford's 2011 population was 93,650 people according to the 2011 census.[12]
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1841
2,000
—
1871
8,107
+305.3%
1881
9,616
+18.6%
1891
12,753
+32.6%
1901
16,619
+30.3%
1911
23,132
+39.2%
1921
29,440
+27.3%
1931
30,107
+2.3%
1941
31,622
+5.0%
1951
36,727
+16.1%
1961
55,201
+50.3%
1971
64,421
+16.7%
1981
74,315
+15.4%
1991
81,997
+10.3%
1996
84,764
+3.4%
2001
86,417
+2.0%
2006
90,192
+4.4%
2011
93,650
+3.8%
[13]
Visible minority and Aboriginal population (Canada 2011 Census)
Population groupPopulation % of total population
White81,03588.1%
Visible minority group
Source:[14]		South Asian1,6401.8%
Chinese7100.8%
Black1,5501.7%
Filipino4500.5%
Latin American3650.4%
Arab5750.6%
Southeast Asian7400.8%
West Asian800.1%
Korean2850.3%
Japanese950.1%
Visible minority, n.i.e.1000.1%
Multiple visible minority2550.3%
Total visible minority population6,8507.4%
Aboriginal group
Source:[15]		First Nations3,5653.9%
Métis3550.4%
Inuit00%
Aboriginal, n.i.e.950.1%
Multiple Aboriginal identity550.1%
Total Aboriginal population4,0904.4%
Total population in private households91,975100%
CultureBrantford's cultural resources include an array of performing, literary, and visual arts organizations, multicultural groups, libraries, a large performance venue, galleries and museums, and an extensive number of independent artists and craftspeople.[16] Brantford's Municipal Cultural Plan is to be updated in 2014.[17]
Local museums include the Bell Homestead, Brant Museum and Archives,[18] Canadian Military Heritage Museum[19] and the Personal Computer Museum.
Film and TelevisionBrantford has frequently been used as a location in the long-running Murdoch Mysteries [20] television series. The series has used the “Carnegie Building”, now part of Wilfrid Laurier University’s Brantford campus, as the courthouse.[21] The interior of the Sanderson Centre for the Performing Arts has also been featured in the series.[21][22] In addition, Victoria Park and many of the older homes along Dalhousie and George streets have provided shot locations.[22]
EducationStatistics from the Federal 2006 Census indicated that 72% of Brantford's adult residents had earned either a certificate, diploma, or university degree.[25]
Universities and collegesBrantford campus of Nipissing University


Several post-secondary institutions have facilities in Brantford.
Secondary schoolsPublic education in the area is managed by the Grand Erie District School Board, and Catholic education is managed by the Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board.
OtherPolitical organizationBrantford City Hall


Brantford is located within the County of Brant however, it is a single-tier municipality, politically separate from the County. Ontario's Municipal Act, 2001 defines single-municipality as "a municipality, other than an upper-tier municipality, that does not form part of an upper-tier municipality for municipal purposes".[30] Single-tier municipalities provide for all local government services.[31]
At the federal and provincial levels of government, Brantford is part of the Brant riding.
The current Brantford City Council was elected in the 2010 municipal election and is headed by Mayor Chris Friel, who also previously served as mayor from 1994 to 2003. The council, in addition to Friel, includes Larry Kings and Jan Vander Stelt (Ward 1), Vince Bucci and John Utley (Ward 2), Debi Dignan-Rumble and Dan McCreary (Ward 3), Richard Carpenter and Dave Wrobel (Ward 4), and David Neumann and Marguerite Ceschi-Smith (Ward 5).[32]
MediaPrintThe Brantford Expositor, started in 1852, is published six days per week (excluding Sundays) by Sun Media Corp.
The Brant News is a weekly paper (delivered Thursday) that also carries breaking news online at their website,[33] published by Metroland Media Group.
The Two Row Times a Free weekly paper, started in 2013, is published on Wednesdays, delivered to every reservation in Ontario and globally online at their website,[34] published by Garlow Media.
RadioTelevisionBrantford's only local television service comes from Rogers TV (cable 20), a local community channel on Rogers Cable. Otherwise, Brantford is served by stations from Toronto, Hamilton and Kitchener.
TransportationHighway 403 connects Brantford with Woodstock and Hamilton. Seen here is the 403 eastbound near the Grand River bridge.


AirBrantford Municipal Airport is located west of the city. It hosts an annual air show, featuring the Snowbirds. The John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton is located about 35 km east of Brantford. Toronto Pearson International Airport is located in Mississauga, about 100 km northeast of Brantford.
RailThe train station is located just north of downtown Brantford. Via Rail has daily passenger trains on the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Trains travel between Windsor and Union Station in Toronto. Street rail began in Brantford in 1886 with horse-drawn carriages which by 1893 had been converted to electric. The City of Brantford took over these operations in 1914. Around 1936 buses began to replace street cars and by the end of 1939 the change over was complete. [35]
BusProvincial highwaysEntertainment and attractionsThe Armoury


Brantford is home to the Brantford OLG Casino.
Things to see and doFestivals and EventsBrantford Public LibraryThe main entrance to the Brantford Public Library


Brantford Public Library's central branch, located downtown on Colborne Street, offers lending services to the city's residents, free work space, and historical archives. It has an additional branch on St. Paul Avenue.[44] It has been automated since 1984.[45]
The library traces its roots to the Mechanics Institute, founded by Dr. Charles Duncombe with 100 donated books in 1835, and merged with the Zion Church Literary Society in 1866. A fire in 1870 destroyed most of the collection, but it was later relocated to the Brantford YMCA building and had a collection of 10,300 books by 1877. In 1884, after new legislation from the Ontario government, it changed its name to the Brantford Free Library, and in 1904 it moved into a new building on George Street. Following significant expansions throughout the 20th century, the library moved into a former Woolco store on Colborne Street—its present location—in 1992, changing its name to Brantford Public Library.
In 2000, the library was the first in North America to join the UNESCO model library network, and in 2002 it began a partnership with Wilfrid Laurier University. From April to October 2007, the library underwent major renovations, including the opening of a "community information commons," a space for anyone to work/study with public computers, a rear-facing entrance and a local history room.[45]
Sports teams and tournamentsCurrent intercounty or major teamsDefunct teamsTournamentsOtherPeopleMain article: List of people from Brantford
Service clubsReligionBrantford is home to a number of churches and religious temples of various faiths, including a mosque and a Sikh temple. Its estimated there are over 35 churches in the city, including Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Ukrainian Catholic, Pentecostal, Salvation Army, Presbyterian, United, Christadelphian, and the LDS Church. Brantford is also home to the national headquarters of the Congregational Christian Churches in Canada.[49]
Municipal twinningBrantford is twinned with:
See also





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